Journal of Welding and Joining

: Journal of KWJS. 2008;26(6):67-73. Published online January 13, 2009.; Numerical Simulation of Bubble and Pore Generations by Molten Metal Flow in Laser-GMA Hybrid Welding; Won-Ik Cho, Jung-Ho Cho, Min-Hyun Cho, Jong-Bong Lee, Suck-Joo Na

Abstract: Three-dimensional transient simulation of laser-GMA hybrid welding involving multiple physical phenomena is conducted neglecting the interaction effect of laser and arc heat sources. To reproduce the bubble and pore formations in welding process, a new bubble model is suggested and added to the established laser and arc welding models comprehending VOF, Gaussian laser and arc heat source, recoil pressure, arc pressure, electromagnetic force, surface tension, multiple reflection and Fresnel reflection models. Based on the models mentioned above, simulations of laser-GMA hybrid butt welding are carried out and besides the molten pool flow, top and back bead formations could be observed. In addition, the laser induced keyhole formation and bubble generation duo to keyhole collapse are investigated. The bubbles are ejected from the molten pool through its top and bottom regions. However, some of those are entrapped by solid-liquid interface and remained as pores. Those bubbles and pores are intensively generated when the absorption of laser power is largely reduced and consequently the full penetration changes to the partial penetration.

Keywords :Laser-GMA hybrid welding;Welding simulation;Bubble;Pore